Detailed studies have been conducted on the direct economic impact that climate change will have on central European countries. However, a more important issue facing countries such as Switzerland and Germany, with their extensive global networks, is the additional impact that climate change will have in the future via foreign trade.

Increased fuel tax or levy, fuel subsidy removal: How do pricing measures in the transport sector influence greenhouse gas emissions? INFRAS developed a guidance that allows policymakers and practitioners to estimate the impacts of transport pricing policies – in particular with respect to developing countries.

In Swiss industrial and service companies, energy management is often limited to analysing own energy consumption and to calculating the costs and savings of any efficiency measures. It has little impact on investment decisions, however, as a study as part of National Research Programme NRP 71 shows.

In 2016, Liechtenstein's greenhouse gas emissions were 18 percent lower than in 1990. That is the conclusion of the current National Inventory Report, which Liechtenstein must produce annually as a member of the UN Climate Convention.

Around 30 per cent less PM_2.5 fine particulate matter was emitted in Switzerland in 2016 compared with 2005. The latest Informative Inventory Report on air pollutant emissions in Switzerland explains this trend, and describes in detail how the emissions are calculated.

As a member of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Switzerland must report its greenhouse gas emission levels on an annual basis. The latest report shows that, in 2016, they were just under ten percent lower than in 1990.

Extreme weather and supply bottlenecks: the consequences of climate change are increasing the security risk in many countries. How is it impacting this country? A study shows how Swiss security policy could react to climate-induced risks.

Sustainable products such as organic food, energy-efficient household appliances and car-sharing schemes are booming in Germany. Despite this, the consumption-related environmental pollution has remained at the same high level for many years. A study tracks the market trend in “green” products.

Liechtenstein's annual greenhouse gas emissions in 2015 were 13 percent lower than in 1990. They are likely to fall further still by 2030. That is the verdict of the 7th National Communication, which has been produced by the Office of Environment with support from INFRAS.